The translations of Homer's *Iliad* by Samuel Butler and W. H. D. Rouse both capture the epic tale of rage and war, but they do so in distinct styles that reflect each translator's approach. Samuel Butler's translation tends to be more formal and traditional, employing a narrative style that emphasizes the gravity and epic qualities of the original text. For instance, Butler opens with a direct invocation to the goddess to recount Achilles’ wrath, emphasizing its devastating consequences for the Achaeans and the intricate interplay of divine influence. His language is measured and classical, as exemplified by lines like those in Book 6, where he draws a parallel between human generations and the cycles of nature, offering a lofty and reflective tone. In contrast, W. H. D. Rouse offers a more contemporary and accessible translation, characterized by a conversational and straightforward style. Rouse begins with, "An angry man—There is my story," setting a tone that feels immediate and engaging. His translation captures the essence of the narrative while using language that resonates with modern readers. Notably, in Book 5, Rouse presents Athena’s encouragement to Diomedes in a more casual, direct manner, even giving Ares the playful moniker "Mr. Facing-all-ways." This approach makes the interactions among gods and mortals feel more personal and dynamic. Similarly, Rouse’s rendition of metaphors, such as comparing human generations to forest leaves, maintains the poetic image but in a simpler, rhythmic form. Both translations offer valuable insights, with Butler leaning towards a classic epic style and Rouse opting for a more direct and lively retelling.
Sing, O goddess, the anger of Achilles son of Peleus, that brought countless ills upon the Achaeans. Many a brave soul did it send hurrying down to Hades, and many a hero did it yield a prey to dogs and vultures, for so were the counsels of Jove fulfilled from the day on which the son of Atreus, king of men, and great Achilles, first fell out with one another.
An angry man—There is my story: The bitter rancour of Achillês, prince of the house of Peleus, which brought a thousand troubles upon the Achaian host. Many a strong soul it sent down to Hadês, and left the heroes themselves a prey to dogs and carrion birds, while the will of God moved on to fulfilment.
It began first of all with a quarrel between my lord King Agamemnon of Atreus' line and the Prince Achillês.