The translations of the Iliad by George Chapman and Rodney Merrill present two distinct approaches to Homer’s epic. George Chapman's version, originally published in the early 17th century, is noted for its poetic and Elizabethan style. Chapman's language is both elaborate and expressive, reflecting the grandeur and intensity of the epic narrative. For instance, Chapman's lines depict Achilles' wrath with a focus on the impact of divine will, emphasizing the "infinite sorrows" and heroic souls sent to an "invisible cave." This style is consistent throughout Chapman's translation, as seen when Athena encourages Diomedes by condemning Mars’ inconstancy and imploring Diomedes to trust in divine support. In contrast, Rodney Merrill’s translation, a more contemporary work, prioritizes rhythmic adherence to the original Greek, often utilizing a dactylic hexameter to capture the epic’s musicality. His translation is characterized by its accessibility and clarity, evident in his portrayal of Achilles' wrath as "ruinous rage" that brought "uncounted afflictions" to the Achaians. Merrill’s directness is also reflected in Athena's encouragement of Diomedes, where the treachery of Ares is highlighted in straightforward terms, emphasizing the contrast between divine promise and action. While each translator brings their unique touch to the Iliad, both manage to convey the timeless themes of fate, glory, and mortality inherent in Homer’s original work.
Achilles' baneful wrath resound, O Goddess, that impos'd
Infinite sorrows on the Greeks, and many brave souls loos'd
From breasts heroic; sent them far to that invisible cave
That no light comforts; and their limbs to dogs and vultures gave:
To all which Jove's will gave effect; from whom first strife begun
Betwixt Atrides, king of men, and Thetis' godlike son.
Sing now, goddess, the wrath of Achilles the scion of Peleus,
ruinous rage which brought the Achaians uncounted afflictions;
many the powerful souls it sent to the dwelling of Hades,
those of the heroes, and spoil for the dogs it made of their bodies,
plunder for all of the birds, and the purpose of Zeus was accomplished—
sing from the time when first stood hostile, starting the conflict,
Atreus' scion, the lord of the people, and noble Achilles.