Richmond Lattimore and George Chapman offer distinct translations of Homer's Iliad, each reflecting their unique approaches to the text. Lattimore's version is known for its close adherence to the original Greek, aiming to capture the straightforwardness and rhythm of Homer's language. For example, in Book 1, Lattimore translates the opening lines by emphasizing the "anger of Peleus' son Achilleus" and its dire consequences on the Achaeans, a style that appeals for its clarity and precision. In Book 5, the dialogue where Athena encourages Diomedes is presented with direct and modern language, maintaining a balance between fidelity to the original and accessibility for contemporary readers. Lattimore's translation often feels direct and accessible, emphasizing the narrative and thematic elements of the epic. In contrast, George Chapman's translation of the Iliad is characterized by its Elizabethan and artistic style, highlighting a poetic and somewhat archaic English approach. Chapman's rendition of the same opening lines in Book 1 introduces Achilles' wrath with phrases like "Achilles' baneful wrath resound," showcasing his embellished and dramatic flair. His translation of Athena's encouragement in Book 5 employs a more ornate structure and a philosophical tone, reflecting the period's literary conventions. Chapman's interpretation is infused with a sense of grandeur and expressiveness, catering to readers who appreciate the poetic and historical richness of his language. Overall, while Lattimore emphasizes clarity and faithfulness to the Greek, Chapman offers an elaborate, poetic experience that aligns with the aesthetic preferences of his time.
Sing, goddess, the anger of Peleus' son Achilleus
and its devastation, which puts pains thousandfold upon the Achaians,
hurled in their multitudes to the house of Hades strong souls
of heroes, but gave their bodies to be the delicate feasting
of dogs, of all birds, and the will of Zeus was accomplished
since that time when first there stood in division of conflict
Atreus' son the lord of men and brilliant Achilleus.
Achilles' baneful wrath resound, O Goddess, that impos'd
Infinite sorrows on the Greeks, and many brave souls loos'd
From breasts heroic; sent them far to that invisible cave
That no light comforts; and their limbs to dogs and vultures gave:
To all which Jove's will gave effect; from whom first strife begun
Betwixt Atrides, king of men, and Thetis' godlike son.