Rodney Merrill’s translation of the Iliad is known for its rhythmic fidelity to the original Greek, attempting to capture the dactylic hexameter that Homer famously used. This approach lends a certain musicality and formality to his translation. For example, in the introduction, Merrill uses phrases like "ruinous rage" and "uncteded afflictions," which imbue the passage with a poetic grandeur and a literal adherence to the epic's structure. His translation tends to preserve the complexity and depth of Greek epithets, providing a multi-layered reading experience that may appeal to those looking for a translation that closely mirrors the original text’s style and rhythm. In contrast, W. H. D. Rouse’s rendition of the Iliad opts for a more straightforward and accessible narrative style. Rouse prioritizes clarity and directness, using simple and modern language that makes the epic more approachable to contemporary readers. His opening lines begin with "An angry man—There is my story," immediately setting a conversational and engaging tone. This pragmatic approach extends throughout his translation, as seen in his depiction of Athena’s encouragement to Diomedes, which employs phrases like "mad furious creature" and "Mr. Facing-all-ways," giving a candid and vivid quality to the text. Rouse’s translation is generally more narrative-focused, making it easier for readers who are new to Homer’s epic to follow the storyline without being overwhelmed by complex literary devices.
Sing now, goddess, the wrath of Achilles the scion of Peleus,
ruinous rage which brought the Achaians uncounted afflictions;
many the powerful souls it sent to the dwelling of Hades,
those of the heroes, and spoil for the dogs it made of their bodies,
plunder for all of the birds, and the purpose of Zeus was accomplished—
sing from the time when first stood hostile, starting the conflict,
Atreus' scion, the lord of the people, and noble Achilles.
An angry man—There is my story: The bitter rancour of Achillês, prince of the house of Peleus, which brought a thousand troubles upon the Achaian host. Many a strong soul it sent down to Hadês, and left the heroes themselves a prey to dogs and carrion birds, while the will of God moved on to fulfilment.
It began first of all with a quarrel between my lord King Agamemnon of Atreus' line and the Prince Achillês.