The translations of the Iliad by Stephen Mitchell and Ian Johnston offer distinct stylistic approaches to the epic while capturing its essence. Stephen Mitchell’s translation begins with a direct and evocative invocation of the muse, “The rage of Achilles—sing it now, goddess, sing through me,” which sets a vivid, narrative-driven tone. This approach emphasizes storytelling and internalizes the muse's invocation to the storyteller’s voice. Ian Johnston employs a more formal and traditional style with, "Sing, Goddess, sing the rage of Achilles, son of Peleus," maintaining a certain distance wherein the goddess assumes a more central role in the invocation. This difference highlights Mitchell’s preference for immediacy and engagement, while Johnston retains a more classical allure. Both translators handle key thematic elements with clarity and distinctiveness. In Book 6, Mitchell's "Men come and go, just like the leaves in their seasons," provides a philosophical reflection that's straightforward and human in its contemplation of life’s transience. Johnston’s version, “Generations of men are like the leaves,” mirrors the cyclical nature of life with poetic simplicity, emphasizing continuity. When addressing the concept of glory and mortality in Book 9, Mitchell’s choice "My glory will die, but my life will be long and peaceful" resonates with a contemplative tone on personal sacrifice, while Johnston’s iteration "my fame will die, although my life will last a long time" offers a more factual and measured delivery. These differences underscore each translator's unique interpretation, with Mitchell often favoring an expressive, engaged style and Johnston adhering to a more traditional narrative rhythm.
The rage of Achilles—sing it now, goddess, sing through me
the deadly rage that caused the Achaeans such grief
and hurled down to Hades the souls of so many fighters,
leaving their naked flesh to be eaten by dogs
and carrion birds, as the will of Zeus was accomplished.
Begin at the time when bitter words first divided
that king of men, Agamemnon, and godlike Achilles.
Sing, Goddess, sing the rage of Achilles, son of Peleus—
that murderous anger which condemned Achaeans
to countless agonies and threw many warrior souls
deep into Hades, leaving their dead bodies
carrion food for dogs and birds—
all in fulfilment of the will of Zeus.